pwd → Print current directory path
ls → List files/directories
cd → Change directory
mkdir → Create a directory
rmdir → Remove an empty directory
touch → Create an empty file
rm → Remove files/directories
cp → Copy files/directories
mv → Move/rename files/directories
cat → View file contents
nano → Edit file using Nano editor
vi → Edit file using Vi editor
echo → Print text or write to file
head → View the first lines of a file
tail → View the last lines of a file
sort → Sort file contents
uniq → Remove duplicate lines
wc → Count words, lines, characters
find → Search for files/directories
grep → Search for text inside files
man → View command manual
history → Show command history
chmod → Change file permissions
chown → Change file owner
passwd → Change password
whoami → Show current user
uname → Show OS information
df → Check disk usage
du → View directory size
free → Show RAM & swap usage
hostname → Show machine name
uptime → Show system uptime
clear → Clear terminal screen
top → View running processes
ps → List processes
kill → Terminate a process
ping → Test network connection
curl → Fetch data from a URL
wget → Download files from the internet
ifconfig → Configure network (or ip addr in newer systems)
ssh → Connect to remote server
scp → Copy files between machines
zip → Compress to ZIP
unzip → Extract ZIP
tar → Create/extract TAR archives
shutdown → Shut down the system
reboot → Restart the system
alias → Create command shortcuts
unalias → Remove command shortcuts